Who developed the first vaccine for smallpox?

Edward Jenner is recognized for developing the first vaccine for smallpox, a groundbreaking achievement in the history of medicine. In 1796, Jenner conducted an experiment where he inoculated a boy with material taken from cowpox lesions. This procedure demonstrated that exposure to cowpox could provide immunity to smallpox, a deadly disease that plagued populations for centuries.

Jenner's work laid the foundation for the field of immunology and vaccination, representing a significant advancement in public health. His innovative approach not only helped in controlling smallpox but also set the stage for the development of vaccines against various other diseases. This achievement is often regarded as the beginning of modern vaccination practices, illustrating the importance of empirical experimentation in medical research.

While Louis Pasteur made significant contributions to the development of vaccines—most notably for rabies and anthrax—his work came after Jenner's pioneering efforts. Similarly, Robert Koch and Joseph Lister were important figures in the fields of bacteriology and antiseptic surgery, respectively, but they are not associated with the development of the smallpox vaccine. Jenner's landmark contribution is what makes him the correct answer to this question.