Which philosopher is known for advocating against torture and expressing ideas on the rights of the accused?

The philosopher known for advocating against torture and expressing ideas on the rights of the accused is Beccaria. Cesare Beccaria was an Italian criminologist and philosopher whose significant work, "On Crimes and Punishments," published in 1764, argued against the use of torture and the death penalty. He emphasized the necessity for a fair legal process and the rights of individuals accused of crimes, insisting that laws should exist to promote the greatest good for society and that punishment should be proportionate to the crime. Beccaria's ideas helped lay the foundation for modern criminal justice and human rights principles, championing the notion that every accused person deserves a fair trial and humane treatment. His thoughts were highly influential during the Enlightenment and contributed significantly to reforming the justice system in various countries.