Which of the following is NOT typically associated with the rise of nationalism?

The rise of nationalism is generally characterized by a strong sense of identity and unity among a group of people sharing a common language, culture, or history, often leading to a desire for self-determination or independence. Independence movements are directly fueled by nationalist sentiment, as groups seek to establish their own nations separate from colonial or foreign rule. The creation of a national language is also a key aspect of nationalism, as a common language helps unify a population and reinforces a shared cultural identity.

Similarly, the displacement of indigenous cultures often occurs as a result of nationalist policies that prioritize one culture over others, reflecting a dominant national identity and often leading to the marginalization of native populations.

While the expansion of market economies can occur within nationalist movements, it is more of an economic phenomenon rather than a direct result of nationalism itself. Nationalism focuses primarily on cultural and political unity rather than economic growth per se. Therefore, it is less aligned with the central themes of nationalism compared to the other options presented.