Which of the following innovations is Galilei known for besides the telescope?

Galileo Galilei is renowned for his contributions to the understanding of the motion of planets, particularly through his support of the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus. He used observational evidence gathered from his telescope, such as the phases of Venus and the moons of Jupiter, to challenge the prevailing geocentric view of the universe, which posited that all celestial bodies revolved around the Earth. His work laid the groundwork for modern astronomy and significantly advanced the scientific revolution.

In addition to his astronomical observations, Galileo's studies on motion included important experiments that demonstrated the principles of inertia and acceleration. These explorations into the nature of motion not only influenced his contemporaries but also shaped future scientific inquiry, molding our understanding of physics and its relation to celestial bodies. This foundational work solidified Galileo's reputation in the realms of both astronomy and physics.