Which of the following did the Restoration "restore" to power in England?

The Restoration, which occurred in England during the 1660s, primarily refers to the return of Charles II to the throne after a period of republican rule under Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil Wars. This marked the reinstatement of the monarchy as an institution that had been temporarily abolished following the execution of Charles I in 1649. The Restoration was significant as it reestablished royal authority and the traditional monarchy's role in English governance, culminating in a period of relative stability after years of conflict.

While Parliament did continue to play a role, and its significance increased over time, the primary focus of the Restoration was on restoring the monarchy itself. The republican government established during the Commonwealth period was rejected, leading to the re-establishment of a monarchy centered around Charles II. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the restoration of the monarchy rather than the other forms of governance or colonial issues in the Americas.