Which country was considered a monopoly in trade with the Ottoman Empire?

Venice was considered a monopoly in trade with the Ottoman Empire primarily due to its strategic location and strong maritime capabilities. Throughout the late Middle Ages and into the early modern period, Venice established itself as a major trading hub in the Mediterranean, effectively controlling the flow of goods between Europe and the East. This position allowed Venice to dominate the spice and silk trade, which were highly lucrative commodities at the time.

The commercial agreements and relationships that Venice developed with the Ottomans provided it unique privileges that enhanced its status as a commercial power, while other countries like Spain, France, and Italy were either attempting to compete with or gain access to the same markets. However, none matched Venice's influence or control over trade routes and operations within this context. Venice's extensive network of trade posts and its navy further solidified its monopoly, enabling it to maintain significant economic advantages throughout the period.