Which advocate believed that women should have access to careers in medicine and politics?

The correct choice is Mary Wollstonecraft, who is often considered one of the early advocates for women's rights. In her seminal work, "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman," published in 1792, Wollstonecraft argued passionately for the education of women and their right to participate fully in society, including in careers such as medicine and politics. She emphasized that women should not be confined to traditional roles or limited because of gender. Wollstonecraft believed that through education and social reform, women could achieve equality and contribute to society in diverse professional fields.

While other advocates also fought for women's rights, their focuses differed. For instance, Simone de Beauvoir's work introduced existentialist feminism, highlighting women's oppression broadly but not specifically on careers in medicine and politics. Harriet Taylor Mill campaigned for women's rights and gender equality, collaborating with her husband, but her contributions were more focused on marriage and labor rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton is known for her role in the women's suffrage movement, advocating primarily for voting rights rather than the broader spectrum of careers. Wollstonecraft's pioneering stance on women's access to various professions makes her the most fitting choice in this context.