What was an important development in navigation that allowed ships to sail against the wind?

The caravel was a pivotal development in navigation that transformed maritime exploration and allowed ships to sail effectively against the wind. Developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century, the caravel was designed with a lateen sail rig that enabled it to harness wind power more efficiently. This triangular sail shape allowed it to tack into the wind, effectively allowing sailors to navigate upwind and explore areas that were previously inaccessible by traditional square-rigged ships.

The caravel's agile design and shallow draft made it versatile, enabling it to access coastal waters and rivers. Its flexibility and ability to carry cargo facilitated long-distance voyages, playing a crucial role in the Age of Exploration. Explorers like Christopher Columbus utilized caravels on their voyages across the Atlantic, leading to significant discoveries and the eventual expansion of European influence across the globe.