What role did nationalism play in the disintegration of empires in the 20th century?

Nationalism played a significant role in the disintegration of empires during the 20th century by fostering the rise of independence movements across various regions. As people within the empires began to identify strongly with their national identity, ethnic backgrounds, and cultural heritage, they sought to assert their right to self-determination. This surge in national pride often translated into a desire for political independence from larger empires, which were seen as oppressive or foreign.

In many instances, groups within empires such as the Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian Empires organized movements to break free and establish sovereign states that represented their distinct national identities. The aftermath of World War I, for example, saw the collapse of several empires and the emergence of numerous nation-states as nationalist sentiments gained momentum. The rise of figures who championed nationalistic causes further propelled these movements, leading to significant political changes and the eventual dissolution of empires.

Through this process, nationalism not only prompted the desire for independence but also contributed to the broader narrative of decolonization that marked the 20th century, as oppressed groups across the globe sought to reclaim their autonomy and cultural heritage.