Promotion within Napoleon's new government was __________.

Promotion within Napoleon's new government was based on ability only, not rank or birth. This principle reflected the broader revolutionary ideals of meritocracy that emerged from the French Revolution, where social mobility was encouraged and individuals were evaluated by their performances and capabilities rather than their aristocratic backgrounds.

Under Napoleon, this meritocratic approach aimed to create a more efficient and effective government by ensuring that the most qualified individuals held positions of power, regardless of their social status. This was a significant shift from the traditional feudal system that emphasized privilege based on noble lineage. As a result, many talented individuals who may not have had previous social advantages were able to rise through the ranks due to their skills and contributions. This approach not only enhanced the performance of the government but also helped to stabilize and unify France after the chaos of the revolution.